Difference between revisions of "Bioinformatics Main Page"

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BCH441 - Bioinformatics
 
BCH441 - Bioinformatics
  
 
<div style="font-size:50%;font-weight:normal;">
 
<div style="font-size:50%;font-weight:normal;">
Welcome to the BCH441 Course Wiki.
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Welcome to BCH441.
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
</div -->
 +
 +
<!-- small>'''These wiki pages provide information and materials, and coordinate activities and projects in the introductory bioinformatics courses and other workshops taught by Boris Steipe at the University of Toronto'''. If you are not one of my students, you can still browse this site, however I can't provide support for your explorations. The material may be useful if you invest some effort in studying it systematically.</small -->
 +
 +
<div class="alert">
 +
The link that brought you here is no longer current:
 +
 +
*  for CSB195 click [http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/bio/CSB195-syllabus.html '''here'''].
 +
*  for MGY441 click [http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/bio/MGY441-syllabus.html '''here'''].
 +
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
<small>'''These wiki pages are provided to coordinate information, activities and projects in the introductory bioinformatics course taught by Boris Steipe at the University of Toronto'''. If you are not one of my students, you can still browse this site, however only users with a login account can edit or contribute or edit material. If you are here because you are interested in general aspects of bioinformatics or computational biology, you may want to review the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics Wikipedia article on bioinformatics], or visit [http://www.openwetware.org/wiki/Wikiomics Wikiomics]. Contact boris.steipe(at)utoronto.ca with any questions you may have.</small>
+
<!--
 +
<small>Remember to frequently "pull" from the GitHub repository when you work with the course R-project in RStudio, to load the most recent version of the code, including all patches and additional clarifications</small>
 +
 
 +
Welcome!
  
 +
The course has started. All students have been subscribed to the mailing list and have an account on the Student Wiki. If you did not receive an eMail with your temporary password, check your spam folder(s) carefully before contacting me.
  
<!-- div class="alert">
+
If you have taken BCH441 last year and then dropped it, your Wiki account is still active and your password has not changed. In that case you did '''not''' receive a mail with new password.
If you have not received a temporary password for your Student Wiki account by eMail, please contact me.
 
</div -->
 
  
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(17:00, BA1190) -->
  
<div class="alert">
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<!--
  
<!-- Remember: first Quiz today, 17:00. Don't forget your <span style="color:#CC0000">red</span> pen. -->
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</div>
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{{Smallvspace}}
 +
Updates to syllabus, marking scheme, and course materials are now in progress. Last year was the first online-only delivery of the course and it actually went really well. But this year will be even better as we'll try a few things that work much better online than in the classroom. Drop me a line if you have any questions, or concerns, or want to share experiences with online classes that went beyond your expectations.
  
<small>All materials on this site are currently undergoing revisions.</small>
+
See you in class!
 +
{{Vspace}}
  
</div-->
 
  
 +
-->
  
 +
<!-- div class="ToDo">
 +
* <strike>upgrade MediaWiki to the newest version for the Course Wiki and the Student wiki</strike>
 +
* <strike>re-code the API mechanism for uploads</strike>
 +
* Configure [https://q.utoronto.ca/courses/180416 Quercus course page:]
 +
** <strike>Add a discussion section</strike>
 +
** Figure out Bb Collaborate principles
 +
*** What is the "Course Room" best used for?
 +
*** What are the "Sessions" best used for?
 +
*** <strike>Can we make lecture recordings? Where can we store them? How can they be accessed?</strike>
 +
* <strike>Is there a mailing list?</strike> <small>Doesn't look like it, use the Discussion module instead.</small>
 +
* Decide on evaluations and marking scheme
 +
* <strike>Explore bulk student registration for the Student Wiki</strike>
 +
* Update Student Wiki resources
 +
* Decide on scheduling
 +
** Schedule oral tests
 +
* Update Syllabus page
 +
* Update course materials
 +
** Begin conversion to <code>.Rmd</code>
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</div -->
  
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<!--  BLANK EVERYTHING !
 
__TOC__
 
__TOC__
  
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== The Course ==
 
== The Course ==
  
BCH441 (BCH1441) is an introduction to current bioinformatics for life science students and the specialists in the BCB Program. The course provides an overview of the sources of biomolecular data, data annotation and integration, and the interpretation of results through evidence-based reasoning. This includes the ''components'' – sequence, structure, and function, the ''relationships'' in phylogeny and in the networks of interactions and regulation, and the “systems” through which we conceptually organize our knowledge.  
+
{{Smallvspace}}
 +
 
 +
BCH441 is an introduction to current bioinformatics for life science students and the specialists in the BCB Program. The course provides an overview of the sources of biomolecular data, data annotation and integration, and the interpretation of results through evidence-based reasoning. This includes the ''components'' – sequence, structure, and function, the ''relationships'' in phylogeny and in the networks of interactions and regulation, and the “systems” through which we conceptually organize our knowledge.  
 
   
 
   
  
Line 46: Line 84:
 
* introduction to systems-level concepts.
 
* introduction to systems-level concepts.
  
Practical, weekly, hands on assignments will introduce public data resources and analysis tools. Along with improving general computer literacy, you will learn to use the programming language and statistical workbench '''R''', with a special emphasis on the kind of everyday tasks of data preparation and analysis that have become indispensable for any life-science laboratory. (Yes, you will learn programming.) Application of the material in a systems-biology oriented project will round off the course.
+
The emphasis is on practical, hands-on exploration of resources in tasks and assignments. You will improve your general computer literacy and you will learn to use the programming language and statistical workbench '''R'''. Writing your own code has become indispensable in any life-science laboratory. (Yes, you will learn to program.)
 
 
The course is complemented by [[Computational_Systems_Biology_Main_Page|'''BCB420&nbsp;/&nbsp;JTB2020''']] (offered in the Winter Term) which consolidates aspects of cutting-edge computational systems biology in a project context.
 
 
 
<code>BCH441H1F</code> is the undergraduate course code.<br>
 
<code>BCH1441H1F</code> is the cross-listed course code for graduate students.
 
  
  
===General===
+
{{#lst:User:Boris|Instructor}}
 
 
We will make an attempt to teach BCH441H following an ''{{WP|Flipped_classroom|inverted teaching model}}''. Concepts will be introduced through background reading and extensive, hands-on assignments. We will use the classroom time
 
*to assess contents-milestones in a weekly quiz;
 
*to discuss fine points, perspectives, and to resolve uncertainties; and
 
*to introduce concepts for the upcoming week.
 
 
 
{{#lst:User:Boris|Coordinator}}
 
  
 
===Dates===
 
===Dates===
  
BCH441/BCH1441 is a Fall Term course; contact times are Tuesdays, 17:00 to 20:00.
+
{{Smallvspace}}
  
Tutorial sessions: Tuesday, 17:00 to 18:00 for open discussion of lecture material, in-class quizzes, quiz debriefings, and other activities. Class begins at 10 minutes past the hour, don't be late. That's rude.
 
  
Lectures: right after the tutorials: Tuesday, 18:00 to 20:00.
+
For generic dates in the Fall term, see the [https://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/dates-deadlines/academic-dates Faculty "Academic Dates" calendar]. For specific due dates, see the [https://q.utoronto.ca/courses/180416/assignments Assignments page on Quercus].
 
  
===Location===
+
==Contents==
:[http://map.utoronto.ca/utsg/building/032A WI&nbsp;1016] (Wilson Hall, New College) <small>Note: this is a room change - the original room was MS4279.</small>
 
  
 +
{{Smallvspace}}
  
{{#lst:User:Boris|Student_Wiki}}
+
This course will be taught in a new format: I have split up the large domain of Bioinformatics into small "learning units" that focus more or less on a single concept. You work through the units independently, in any order that makes sense to you, at your own pace, all with the goal to acquire the knowledge and skills to work on four main "Integrator Units" that bring the contents together.
{{#lst:User:Boris|Mailing_list}}
 
{{#lst:User:Boris|Office_hours}}
 
  
 +
Through this, the course accommodates different levels of preparation more flexibly, probably makes your work more efficient, and implicitly teaches a number of meta-skills such as reporting and time-management. Be mindful though: this format requires a high level of self-motivation and responsibility to do well. You will frequently be on your own - just like you are in "real life". But since you are the best judge of what is easy or hard for you, you can use your time very efficiently, gloss over familiar things and play and explore with contents that you enjoy.
  
===Prerequisites===
+
{{Vspace}}
Introductory courses to biochemistry and molecular biology provide the contents background to the course. Such might be obtained through the listed prerequistes: BCH210H1/BCH242Y1; BCH311H1/MGY311Y1/PSL350H1<ref>Please check the [http://www.artsandscience.utoronto.ca/ofr/calendar/crs_bch.htm#BCH441H1 '''official Calendar'''] for the academic year to confirm.</ref>; special permission of the course coordinator can be granted.<br/>
 
  
You must have access to the Internet via your own computer, preferably set up to work through a wireless connection.
 
  
 +
===Grading and Activities===
  
===Exclusions & Enrolment controls===
+
{{Vspace}}
:none
 
  
 +
This course comprises three key, integrative activities and preparatory "learning units" that lead up to them. Learning units can be completed in any sequence that makes sense to you, at any time until the deadline to submit material. You can find the detailed due dates on [https://q.utoronto.ca/courses/180416 ''Quercus'']. Note that scheduling your oral test needs to be done in advance.
  
===Printed material===
+
There are also a few restrictions on which units you must complete within this course:
This is an '''electronic submission only''' course; but if you must print material, you might consider printing double-sided. Learn how, at the [http://printdoublesided.sa.utoronto.ca/ Print-Double-Sided Student Initiative]. Printing of course material is expressly discouraged since the material is updated frequently.
 
  
 +
* you must complete three of four <span style="background-color: #e19fa7; border:solid 2px #000000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Integrator Units&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> and submit them for marking. These will be worth maximally 50 marks ((2 x 13) + (1 x 24)); 24 marks are available for the unit that you choose for your oral test;
  
====Recommended textbooks====
+
* you can submit up to four other <span style="background-color: #b3dbce; border:solid 2px #000000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;learning units&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> worth up to an additional 20 marks for marking. These units are worth 5 marks each. There are a number of units available, which ones you choose is up to you.
  
: Depending on your background, various levels of textbooks may be suitable. I will bring my evaluation copies to class so you can have a look.
+
* 25% of your mark will be earned with your [[FND-Journal|'''Course Journal''']] at the end of class.
  
: [http://www.garlandscience.com/product/isbn/9780815340249 '''Understanding Bioinformatics''' (Zvelebil & Baum)] is a decent general introduction to many aspects of bioinformatics. It was published in 2007, an updated version is urgently needed. Still, some of the basics (like the algorithm for optimal sequence alignment) don't change. <small>[http://www.amazon.ca/Understanding-Bioinformatics-Marketa-J-Zvelebil/dp/0815340249 (Amazon)] [http://www.chapters.indigo.ca/books/Understanding-Bioinformatics-Marketa-J-Zvelebil-Jeremy-O-Baum/9780815340249-item.html (Indigo)] [http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?isbn=9780815340249 (ABE books)]</small> 
+
* 5% of your mark will be earned with your [[ABC-Insights|'''insights!''' page]] at the end of class.
  
: [http://www.garlandscience.com/product/isbn/9780815344568 '''Practical Bioinformatics''' (Agostino)] covers some of the material of the BCH441 exercises. Expect a no-nonsense introduction to the very most basic stuff. I have my pet peeves about this book (as I have for many others, eg. why in the world do they still teach CLUSTAL when all available studies demonstrate it to be the least accurate MSA algorithm '''by a margin'''???), but if you haven't taken BCH441, this may serve you well. And if you did take BCH441, it may consolidate some ideas that I wasn't clear about. <small>[http://www.amazon.ca/Practical-Bioinformatics-Michael-Agostino/dp/0815344562 (Amazon)] [http://www.chapters.indigo.ca/books/Practical-Bioinformatics-Michael-Agostino/9780815344568-item.html (Indigo)] [http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?isbn=9780815344568 (ABE books)]</small> 
+
Please carefully read the [[ABC-Rubrics|'''evaluation rubrics''']] for each category of deliverables.
 
 
: If you are aware of more recent good textbooks, or have your own opinions about these or other books, let me know.
 
 
 
 
 
&nbsp;
 
 
 
===Grading and Activities===
 
  
 
+
{{Vspace}}
&nbsp;
 
  
 
<table cellpadding="5">
 
<table cellpadding="5">
Line 117: Line 131:
 
<tr class="sh">
 
<tr class="sh">
 
<td><b>Activity</b></td>
 
<td><b>Activity</b></td>
<td><b>Weight</b><br><small>BCH441 - (Undergraduates)</small></td>
+
<td><b>Weight</b></td>
<td><b>Weight</b><br><small>BCH1441 - (Graduates)</small></td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
<tr><td colspan="3" class="sp"></td></tr>
+
<tr><td colspan="2" class="sp"></td></tr>
  
 
<tr class="s2">
 
<tr class="s2">
<td>[[Eval_Sessions|'''11 Self-assessment and Feedback sessions''']]</td>
+
<td>Three Integrator Units</td>
<td>44 marks <small>(11 x 4)</small></td>
+
<td>50 marks (2*13 + 1*24)</td>
<td>22 marks <small>(11 x 2)</small></td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr class="s1">
 
<tr class="s1">
<td>[[BIO_project|'''Bioinformatics project''']]</td>
+
<td>Four other learning units</td>
<td>26 marks <small>(5 + 12 + 9)</small></td>
+
<td>20 marks (4*5)</td>
<td>26 marks</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr class="s2">
 
<tr class="s2">
<td>[[BIO_Participation|'''"Classroom" participation''']]</td>
+
<td>Course Journals</td>
<td>10 marks <small>(2 + 8)</small></td>
+
<td>25 marks</td>
<td>10 marks</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr class="s1">
 
<tr class="s1">
<td>[[BIO_Thesis_Project|'''Thesis Project''']]</td>
+
<td>insights! page</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
+
<td>5 marks</td>
<td>22 marks</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
 +
 +
<tr><td colspan="2" class="sp"></td></tr>
  
 
<tr class="s2">
 
<tr class="s2">
<td>[[BCH441 Final Exam|'''Final exam''']]</td>
 
<td>20 marks</td>
 
<td>20 marks</td>
 
</tr>
 
 
<tr><td colspan="3" class="sp"></td></tr>
 
 
<tr class="s1">
 
 
<td>'''Total'''</td>
 
<td>'''Total'''</td>
<td>100 marks</td>
 
 
<td>100 marks</td>
 
<td>100 marks</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
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 +
;A mix of evaluation methods
 +
:'''Learning units''' will be evaluated with a mix of approaches including technical reports, documentation of results in your journal, delivery of R code, ... Details will be described in the individual units. You will be required to submit evaluations in different categories.
  
;A note on marking
+
{{Vspace}}
It is not my policy to adjust marks towards a target mean and variance (i.e. there will be no "belling" of grades). I feel strongly that such "normalization" detracts from a collaborative and mutually supportive learning environment. If your classmate gets a great mark because you helped him with a difficult concept, this should never have the effect that it brings down your mark through class average adjustments. Collaborate as much as possible, it is a great way to learn. <small>However I may adjust marks is if we phrase questions ambiguously on quizzes, or if I decide that the final exam was too long.</small>
 
  
&nbsp;
+
:'''Integrator units''' will be evaluated with a mix of approaches including technical reports, delivery of R code, and oral tests. Technical reports, R code and other options will be worth 10 marks each, the oral test will be worth 20 marks. You can submit at most one of each evaluation category (and one of your evaluations must be an oral test). Also, your oral test can not be your first evaluation, and the topics will be cumulative. Details will be described in the individual units.
  
== Timetable and syllabus ==
+
::'''Oral tests for Integrator Units''' will be scheduled from mid-November to early December in the afternoon. Details can be found on the sign-up page  that is linked from the resp. integrator units.
  
&nbsp;
 
<!-- small>The lecture recordings linked below are copyrighted material, for the personal use of participants of the course only. It is not permissible to repost them elsewhere. If in doubt, ask me.</small -->
 
  
 +
<small>
 +
I do not adjust marks towards a target mean and variance (i.e. there will be no "belling" of grades), but I follow the principles laid out in the marking rubrics. "Normalization" of grade interferes with a collaborative and mutually supportive learning environment. If your classmate gets a great mark because you helped him with a difficult concept, this should never bring down your own mark. Collaborate as much as possible, it is a great way to learn.
  
 +
But take *utmost* care to follow the instructions on avoiding [[ABC-Plagiarism|'''plagiarism and academic misconduct''']] to the letter, they will be rigorously enforced.</small>
  
 +
{{Vspace}}
  
 +
=== The learning-units map ===
  
<div class="alert">
+
Here is a '''thematic overview''' of the topical areas of this course's learning units:
Syllabus and assignments will still be in flux for a few weeks.
 
</div>
 
  
 +
[[File:ABC-Units_landscape.svg|thumb|500px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/images/b/b0/ABC-Units_landscape.svg|'''The bioinformatics learning unit landscape.''']]
  
&nbsp;
 
  
===PREPARATION===
+
And here is the '''detailed map'''. It contains links to all of the units.
  
&nbsp;
 
  
 
+
* <command>-Click to open the Learning Units Map in a new tab, scale for detail.
<table width="90%" align="center">
+
[[File:ABC-units_map.svg|thumb|500px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/images/a/ae/ABC-units_map.svg|'''A clickable map of the bioinformatics learning units.''']]
<tr class="sh">
 
<td class="sc" width=" 5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
<td class="sc">'''In class: Tuesday, Sept. 13'''</td>
 
<td class="sc">'''Readings'''</td>
 
<td class="sc">'''Assignment'''</td>
 
<td class="sc">'''In class: Tuesday, Sept. 20'''</td>
 
</tr>
 
  
  
<tr class="s1">
+
* Hover over a learning unit to see its keywords.
<td class="sc">1</td>
+
* Click on a learning unit to open the associated page.
<td class="sc">
+
* The nodes of the learning unit network are colour-coded:
*Organization
+
**<span style="background-color: #b3dbce;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Live&nbsp;units&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> are green
*Syllabus
+
**<span style="background-color: #d9ead5;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Units&nbsp;under&nbsp;development&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> are light green. These are still in progress.
*Important dates
+
**<span style="background-color: #f2fafa;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Stubs&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> (placeholders) are pale. These still need basic contents.
*First assignment
+
**<span style="background-color: #97bed5;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Milestone&nbsp;units&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> are blue. These collect a number of prerequisites to simplify the network.
*Projects
+
**<span style="background-color: #e19fa7;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Integrator&nbsp;units&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> are red. These embody the main goals of the course.
*Grading
+
**<span style="background-color: #f4d7b7;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Units&nbsp;that&nbsp;require&nbsp;revision&nbsp;</span> are pale orange.
*Signup to mailing list and Student Wiki.
+
*Units that have a <span style="background-color: #eeeeee; border:solid 2px #000000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;black border&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> have deliverables that can be submitted for credit. Choose any you want to submit for credit, up to a maximum worth of 30 marks.
 +
*Arrows point from a prerequisite unit to a unit that requires it.
  
*Introduction to bioinformatics and computational biology
+
(Unit status will be updated as in-progress units are completed.)
</td>
 
<td class="sc">R Tutorial</td>
 
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_1|Assignment&nbsp;1]]</td>
 
<td class="sc">Quiz 1
 
  
:<small>Remember to bring your <span style="color: #EE0000;">'''red'''</span> pen!</small>
 
  
----
+
{{Vspace}}
  
Perspectives:
+
====Navigating the course====
  
Customizing R and R Studio. [[Media:SubsettingExercises.R|Subsetting and filtering]] of vectors, arrays and lists.
+
Everything starts with the following three units:
</td>
+
*[[FND-Wiki_editing|Introduction to editing Wiki pages]]
</tr>
+
:{{#lst:FND-Wiki_editing|abstract}}
</table>
 
  
 +
*[[FND-Journal|Your Course Journal]]
 +
:{{#lst:FND-Journal|abstract}}
  
&nbsp;
+
*[[ABC-Insights|The "insights!" page]]
 +
:{{#lst:ABC-Insights|abstract}}
  
===DATA===
 
  
&nbsp;
+
Everything leads to the ''Integrator Units''. These cover four large areas of bioinformatics that make up the explicit goals of the course:
  
 +
(i) algorithms and statistics;<br />
 +
(ii) structural modelling and interpretation;<br />
 +
iii) gene annotation; and;<br />
 +
(iv) phylogenetic analysis.
  
<table width="90%" align="center">
+
The knowledge and skills you need to work on these ''Integrator Units'' can be obtained from the other learning units that are shown on the [http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-units_map.svg learning units map] as prerequisites. Note that "prerequisites" in this context does not mean you '''must''' do one thing before you can do another, the arrows simply point out which units assume what prior knowledge. You can acquire that knowledge in whatever sequence makes sense to '''you''', and you don't have to learn from the learning units of this course at all. Just make sure that you submit enough general learning units for evaluation along the way. And document what you are doing in your Course Journal. Also, remember that '''all''' the material is cumulative - my evaluation of your work implicitly includes all of the prerequisite material.
<tr class="sh">
 
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" ">'''In class: Tuesday, Sept. 20'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" ">'''Readings'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" ">'''Assignment'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" ">'''In class: Tuesday, Sept. 27'''</td>
 
</tr>
 
  
<tr class="s1">
+
{{Vspace}}
<td class="sc">2</td>
 
<td class="sc">
 
*Abstractions
 
*Data modelling
 
*Key Public Databases (NCBI, EBI)
 
</td>
 
<td class="sc"><span class="PDFlink">[[Media:02-Data_LectureNotes.pdf|Lecture 02: Annotated Notes]]</span></td>
 
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_2|Assignment&nbsp;2]]</td>
 
<td class="sc">Quiz 2
 
  
----
+
=====Scenarios=====
  
Perspectives ... data modelling.
+
Where to begin: possible scenarios for working though the units...
</td>
 
</tr>
 
</table>
 
  
 +
<small>(These scenarios are for illustration, you don't have to follow these sequences. There is no implied claim that any of these sequences is better for learning the material than any other. Make your own choices!</small>
  
&nbsp;
 
  
===SEQUENCE ANALYSIS===
+
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
 +
;Yvette might have done a project about protein structure in a previous course...
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
  
&nbsp;
+
<table>
 
+
<tr>
 
+
<td>She decides to tackle the [[ABC-INT-Homology_modelling|Homology modelling Integrator Unit]] first, because she is most confident about that material.
<table width="90%" align="center">
+
</td>
<tr class="sh">
+
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-1.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-1.jpg]]</td>
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Sept. 27'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Readings'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Assignment'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Oct. 4'''</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
<tr class="s1">
+
<tr>
<td class="sc">3</td>
+
<td>:Obviously, all paths through the learning units begin with the units leading up to the [[ABC-BIN-Preparation|Course Preparation]] milestone, as well as the [[RPR-Introduction|Introduction to R]] milestone. This is where she starts.
<td class="sc">
 
*Introduction to the ''sequence'' abstraction
 
*EMBOSS and other sequence analysis tools
 
 
</td>
 
</td>
<td class="sc">TBD</td>
+
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-2.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-2.jpg]]</td>
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_3|Assignment 3]]</td>
+
</tr>
<td class="sc">Quiz 3
 
  
----
+
<tr>
 +
<td>:The homology modelling unit requires the cluster of protein structure units (BIN-SX-...), as well as the sequence alignment units (BIN-ALI-...);
  
Perspectives ... machine learning.
+
:From the database units, she only needs [[BIN-PDB]] for now;
 
</td>
 
</td>
 +
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-3.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-3.jpg]]</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
</table>
 
  
 
+
<tr>
&nbsp;
+
<td>:For the sequence alignment cluster she needs [[BIN-Sequence]] and [[FND-Homology]] and both of these need [[BIN-Abstractions]].
 
+
</td>
===SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT===
+
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-4.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-4.jpg]]</td>
 
 
&nbsp;
 
 
 
 
 
<table width="90%" align="center">
 
<tr class="sh">
 
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Oct. 4'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Readings'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Assignment'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Tuesday, Oct. 11'''</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
<tr class="s1">
+
<tr>
<td class="sc">4</td>
+
<td>Next she goes for the [[ABC-INT-Phylogeny|Phylogenetic Analysis Integrator Unit]], since it requires only a small number of additional prerequisites and she's a bit busy at that time with midterms in other courses. Some introductory statistics ([[FND-STA-Probability]] and [[FND-STA-Bayes_theorem]] gets her on the way to the BIN-PHYLO-... cluster.
<td class="sc">
 
*Introduction to ''homology''
 
*Optimal sequence alignment
 
*Sequence database searches: BLAST, PSI-BLAST ''et al.''
 
*Multiple sequence alignment.
 
 
</td>
 
</td>
<td class="sc"><span class="PDFlink">[[Media:04-Sequence_Alignment_LectureNotes_Part-1.pdf|Lecture 04: Annotated Notes (Part 1)]]</span><br />
+
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-5.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-5.jpg]]</td>
<span class="PDFlink">[[Media:04-Sequence_Alignment_LectureNotes_Part-2.pdf|Lecture 04: Annotated Notes (Part 2)]]</span></td>
+
</tr>
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_4|Assignment 4]]</td>
 
<td class="sc">TBD
 
  
----
+
<tr>
 
+
<td>She finds she enjoys working with R, and figuring out algorithms and workflows is like solving puzzles. So she does the [[ABC-INT-Mutation_impact|R programming Integrator Unit]] next, in which she writes code that estimates what mutations in a gene can tell us about that gene's role involvement in a disease phenotype. Adding a small number of software-development focussed units and a bit more statistics gets her on the way.
Perspectives ... TBD
 
 
</td>
 
</td>
 +
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-6.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-6.jpg]]</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
</table>
 
  
 
+
<tr>
&nbsp;
+
<td> She is done with her deliverables mid November. So she completes the [[ABC-INT-Genome_annotation|genome annotation Integrator Unit]] to learn on her own. She fill in the rest of the database units, the units on statistics and analysis of differential expression in genes, the units on networks and protein-protein interactions, and the concepts of protein functions, to complete the [[BIN-FUNC-Annotation]] milestone, ...
 
 
===3D STRUCTURE===
 
 
 
&nbsp;
 
 
 
 
 
<table width="90%" align="center">
 
<tr class="sh">
 
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Tuesday, Oct. 11'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Readings'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Assignment'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Oct. 18'''</td>
 
</tr>
 
 
 
<tr class="s1">
 
<td class="sc">5</td>
 
<td class="sc">
 
*3D structures
 
*The PDB
 
*Structure interpretation
 
*Structural domains</td>
 
<td class="sc"><span class="PDFlink">[http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/CourseMaterials/BCH441/05-Structure_LectureNotes.pdf Week 05: Annotated Notes <small>(PDF 55.5.MB)</small>]</span><br />
 
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_5|Assignment 5]]</td>
 
<td class="sc">Quiz 4
 
 
 
----
 
 
 
Perspectives ... TBD
 
 
</td>
 
</td>
 +
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-7.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-7.jpg]]</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
</table>
 
  
 
+
<tr>
&nbsp;
+
<td>:... followed by the genomics units (BIN-Genome-...).</td>
 
+
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-8.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-8.jpg]]</td>
===FUNCTION===
 
 
 
&nbsp;
 
 
 
 
 
<table width="90%" align="center">
 
<tr class="sh">
 
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Oct. 18'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Readings'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Assignment'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Oct. 25'''</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
<tr class="s1">
+
<tr>
<td class="sc">6</td>
+
<td>And that's it. </td>
<td class="sc">
+
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-final.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-final.jpg]]</td>
*The concept of ''function''
 
*Function annotation
 
*Function databases
 
*GO: the gene ontology
 
*Function prediction strategies
 
</td>
 
<td class="sc"><span class="PDFlink">[http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/CourseMaterials/BCH441/06-Function_LectureNotes.pdf Week 06: Annotated Notes <small>(PDF&nbsp;23.1&nbsp;MB)</small>]</span><br />
 
<td class="sc">Assignment 6</td>
 
<td class="sc">Quiz 5 and 6
 
 
 
----
 
 
 
Perspectives ... computing semantic similarity
 
 
 
</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
</table>
 
 
  
&nbsp;
 
 
===PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS===
 
 
&nbsp;
 
 
 
<table width="90%" align="center">
 
<tr class="sh">
 
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Oct. 25'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Readings'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Assignment'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Nov. 1'''</td>
 
</tr>
 
 
<tr class="s1">
 
<td class="sc">7</td>
 
<td class="sc">
 
*Phylogenetic analysis principles
 
*Building trees
 
*Tree interpretation
 
*Inference from phylogenies
 
*Signals of selective pressure and recent change
 
</td>
 
<td class="sc">TBD</td>
 
<td class="sc">Assignment 7</td>
 
<td class="sc">Quiz 7
 
 
----
 
 
Perspectives ... Traces of selective pressure
 
 
 
At midnight: [[BIO_project|Project stage 1]] is due.
 
</td>
 
</tr>
 
 
</table>
 
</table>
  
  
&nbsp;
+
</div>
 +
</div>
  
===STRUCTURE PREDICTION===
+
{{Smallvspace}}
  
&nbsp;
+
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
 +
;Nigel wants to sample different areas of the material broadly before he tackles any of the Integrator Units...
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
  
  
<table width="90%" align="center">
+
* Again: all paths through the learning units begin with the [[ABC-BIN-Preparation|Course Preparation]] milestone, and the [[RPR-Introduction|Introduction to R]] milestone. This is where he starts.
<tr class="sh">
+
* He targets the [[FND-STA-Information_theory|information theory unit]] first, for which he prepares the [[FND-CSC-Data_models|data models unit]] and chooses a [[BIN-YFO|sample organism]], to proceed to the [[BIN-Abstractions|bioinformatics abstractions unit]] and the [[BIN-Sequence|macromolecular sequence unit]].
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
+
* This makes him curious about the relationship between information theory and [[BIN-SX-Molecular_forcefields|molecular forcefields]] so he learns about [[BIN-Databases|database principles]] and [[BIN-SX-Concepts|3D structure concepts]] next, to tackle the [[BIN-PDB|PDB database unit]] and the [[BIN-SX-Chimera|tutorial on the 3D structure viewer "UCSF Chimera"]].
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Nov. 1'''</td>
+
* Apparently another use of information theory is for quantifying the relatedness of functional annotations. Nigel completes the rest of the database cluster to proceed to learn about the [[BIN-FUNC-GO|Gene Ontology project]] to arrive at the [[BIN-FUNC-Semantic_similarity|"semantic similarity" unit]].
<td class="sc" >'''Readings'''</td>
+
* It interests Nigel how such fields of mathematics can be employed to study biology:
<td class="sc" >'''Assignment'''</td>
+
** next he works through the statistics cluster (FND-STA-...) to learn about the concepts behind discovering differentially expressed genes, culminating in the [[RPR-GEO2R|GEO2R programming exercise]]; ...
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Nov. 15'''</td>
+
** ... and follows up with the [[BIN-PPI-Concepts|protein-protein interaction concepts]] via an [[FND-MAT-Graphs_and_networks|introduction to graph theory]].
</tr>
+
* This suggests for him to complete the missing units from the functional annotation cluster (BIN-SEQA-... and BIN-FUNC-...) to complete the [[BIN-FUNC-Annotation]] milestone.
 +
* The greatest importance of functional annotation lies in annotating whole genomes. Nigel learns more about this next with the genomics cluster (BIN-Genome-...).
 +
* He finds it intriguing how so much knowledge of function does not actually rely on the detailed, structural analysis of mechanism. To understand this better, Nigel works through the remainder of the structure units (BIN-SX-...) (for which he incidentally needs the [[BIN-ALI-Alignment]] unit.)
 +
* Next, he realizes that much of what he has worked with so far has implicitly relied on sequence-alignment tools. So he completes the alignment cluster next (Bin-ALI-...).
 +
* And realizing that multiple sequence alignments ([[BIN-ALI-MSA]]) are fundamental to phylogenetic analysis leads him to tackle the phylogenetic analysis cluster next (BIN-PHYLO-...).
 +
* That's it for the learning units. Nigel then completes all Integrator Units one after another except for the Homology modelling one; he starts with the [[ABC-INT-Genome_annotation|genome annotation unit]] because that's the biggest one and he wants it safely submitted before the end-of-term rush in his other courses gets to him.
  
<tr class="s1">
 
<td class="sc">8</td>
 
<td class="sc">
 
'''Note: Nov. 8 - no class due to Fall Break.'''
 
  
*Homology modelling of protein structure
+
</div>
*Protein structure forcefields
+
</div>
*Molecular dynamics
 
*''de novo'' prediction
 
</td>
 
<td class="sc">TBD</td>
 
<td class="sc">Assignment 8</td>
 
<td class="sc">Quiz 8
 
  
----
+
{{Vspace}}
  
Perspectives ... Using Rosetta
 
</td>
 
</tr>
 
</table>
 
  
 +
====Timing and important dates====
  
&nbsp;
+
Having students work through the material entirely at their own pace has had limited success. A minority did very well, but the majority found themselves quite stressed out towards the end of the term. Thus we will proceed with a structured sequence of due dates that spreads the deliverables evenly. However: a due date is the '''last''' date on which assignments are due, and you can submit your assignments much, much sooner and relax towards the end of the term.
  
===GENOME ANALYSIS===
+
You can work through the material at your own pace. Non-negotiable restrictions arise from the {{DropdateFall}}, and that everything needs to be done by the {{LastdateFall}}:
  
&nbsp;
+
{{Vspace}}
  
 +
* Tuesday, September 29. 2020 - First of four learning units due. (Extended to 2020-10-06)
 +
* Tuesday, October 6. 2020 - Second of four learning units due.
 +
* Tuesday, October 13. 2020 - Third of four learning units due.
 +
* Tuesday, October 20. 2020 - Last of four learning units due.
 +
* '''November 9-13 - Fall Reading Week'''
 +
* Monday, November 9. 2020 - Drop Date, and first Integrator unit due.
 +
* Monday, November 16 to Friday, November 27. 2020 - Oral Tests. Second Integrator Unit due on the day before the test.
 +
* Tuesday, December 8. 2020 - All remaining submissions due
  
<table width="90%" align="center">
+
{{Vspace}}
<tr class="sh">
 
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Nov. 15'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Readings'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Assignment'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Nov. 22'''</td>
 
</tr>
 
  
<tr class="s1">
+
====Submission of items for marking====
<td class="sc">9</td>
 
<td class="sc">
 
*Genome sequencing
 
*Genome annotation
 
*Genome databases and browsers
 
*Human genomics
 
</td>
 
<td class="sc">TBD</td>
 
<td class="sc">Assignment 9</td>
 
<td class="sc">Quiz 9
 
  
----
+
Details are listed with each evaluation unit, but in principle you create a separate sub-page of your user page and post your material there. Then you submit a link to your page on Quercus and I can find the page and mark it.
  
Perspectives ... Popular pipelines
+
{{Vspace}}
</td>
 
</tr>
 
</table>
 
  
 +
====Class time====
  
&nbsp;
+
Since most of the learning units include hands-on, practical components that you do on your own, we won't need to us class-time for textbook-like delivery of contents. In class meetings ...
 +
* ... we will always take time for open discussion of topics as they arise. This will be driven by student input and feedback.
 +
* ... I will go over some of the contents details.
 +
* ... I may discuss marking of some submissions I have received, to make the process more transparent.
  
===EXPRESSION ANALYSIS===
+
Class sessions will be recorded and posted.
  
&nbsp;
+
{{Vspace}}
  
 +
==Organizational Details==
  
<table width="90%" align="center">
+
{{Vspace}}
<tr class="sh">
 
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Nov. 22'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Readings'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Assignment'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Nov. 29'''</td>
 
</tr>
 
  
<tr class="s1">
 
<td class="sc">10</td>
 
<td class="sc">
 
*Measuring gene expression levels: microarrays vs. NGS
 
*GEO - Microarrays and RNAseq
 
*GEO2R and RNAseq alternatives
 
*Discovering differentially expressed genes
 
<!-- *Gene enrichment analysis -->
 
</td>
 
<td class="sc">TBD</td>
 
<td class="sc">Assignment 10</td>
 
<td class="sc">Quiz 10
 
  
----
+
{{#lst:User:Boris|Student_Wiki}}
 +
{{#lst:User:Boris|Mailing_list}}
 +
{{#lst:User:Boris|Office_hours}}
  
Perspectives ... <!-- What does FDR mean? -->
 
</td>
 
</tr>
 
</table>
 
  
 +
===Prerequisites===
 +
Introductory courses to biochemistry and molecular biology provide the contents background to the course. Such might be obtained through the listed prerequiste courses: BCH210H1/BCH242Y1; BCH311H1/MGY311Y1/PSL350H1<ref>Please check the [https://fas.calendar.utoronto.ca/course/bch441h1 '''official Calendar'''] for the academic year to confirm the "official" prerequisites.</ref>. However I have no way to assess your success in these courses, nor do I know what material actually '''was''' covered. Thus, I generally waive prerequisites. In all cases it is your responsibility to be sufficiently prepared and to make up for material that you have not covered previously.
  
&nbsp;
+
A breakdown of knowledge that I expect you to acquire outside our course, or bring with you from previous courses, is [[FND-prerequisites|'''listed here''']].
  
===PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS===
+
{{Vspace}}
  
&nbsp;
+
===Extensions for term work===
 +
{{Smallvspace}}
 +
Extensions for term work in this course are subject to Faculty regulations and will only be considered within the framework determined by the Faculty policies.
  
 +
* '''Submissions due before the {{DropdateFall}}.'''
 +
::No extensions will be considered for these submissions<ref>Since these requirements are so minimal, exceptions due to personal, medical, or accessibility reasons would require you to demonstrate (and document) that you have not been able to pursue academic work for that amount of time that you would normally have needed to fulfil the requirements. Given the volume of material, I would consider this time to be at least four weeks.</ref>. Such an extension would not be "fair, equitable and reasonable"<ref>It is Faculty policy to require assessments to be "fair, equitable and reasonable".</ref>, i.e. granting this to individual students would violate the requirement to give all students equal opportunity to succeed in the course. In fact, if you find yourself so far behind in the course that you are unable to submit meaningful work for assessment by that date, I highly recommend you to drop the course.
  
<table width="90%" align="center">
+
* '''Signing up for the oral tests.'''
<tr class="sh">
+
::The dates for the oral tests are in two weeks '''after''' the Drop Date. If you fail to connect to the Zoom meeting at the scheduled time, this is equivalent to a missed midterm exam in terms of applicable Faculty policy: "if the reasons for missing your test are ''acceptable'' to the instructor, a make-up opportunity should be offered to the student where ''practicable''. '''"Acceptable"''' reasons will be considered if they are justified, if the consideration is "fair, equitable and reasonable", and if the reason is documented through one of the four types of "official" documentation: UofT Verification of Illness or Injury Form, Student Health or Disability Related Certificate, a College Registrar’s Letter, and an Accessibility Services Letter. Scope for a '''"practicable"''' make-up opportunity for the oral test will be extremely limited however.
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Nov. 29'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Readings'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Assignment'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Dec. 6'''</td>
 
</tr>
 
  
<tr class="s1">
+
* '''Submissions due on the {{LastdateFall}}.'''
<td class="sc">11</td>
+
::Since the course does not have a final exam, the Faculty requires grades to be marked, collated and submitted a few days after the {{LastdateFall}}. Therefore I cannot normally grant extensions beyond this date. The Faculty allows so called ''informal extensions'' to be granted "in extraordinary circumstances"; in those cases too, the requirement to be "fair, equitable and reasonable" will apply, i.e. you would need to demonstrate that the need for the extension was due to unavoidable circumstances that go significantly beyond what was expected of the rest of the class, and submit "official" documentation to me. In that case, (i) we would determine an adjusted submission date, (ii) I will initially submit a mark of 0 for the missing submissions, and (iii) I will submit an amended mark, after that date, if appropriate. Note that the Faculty requires that such extensions don't go beyond a few days after the end of the Final Examination Period. If you require an extension beyond that date you need to submit a ''formal petition'' through your College Registrar.
<td class="sc">
 
*Concepts of protein-protein interactions
 
*Interaction databases
 
*Graph theory
 
*Interactome
 
* other ''-omes''
 
</td>
 
<td class="sc">TBD</td>
 
<td class="sc">Assignment 11</td>
 
<td class="sc">Quiz 11
 
  
----
 
  
Perspectives ... Computing on graphs
+
{{Vspace}}
</td>
 
</tr>
 
</table>
 
  
 +
===Exclusions & Enrolment controls===
 +
:none
  
&nbsp;
+
{{Vspace}}
  
===EXPLORATIONS===
+
===Printed material===
 
+
This is an '''electronic submission only''' course; but if you must print material, you might consider printing double-sided. Learn how, at the [http://printdoublesided.sa.utoronto.ca/ Print-Double-Sided Student Initiative]. Printing of course material is expressly discouraged since the material is updated frequently.
&nbsp;
 
 
 
 
 
<table width="90%" align="center">
 
<tr class="sh">
 
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''In class: Tuesday, Dec. 6'''</td>
 
<td class="sc" >'''Readings'''</td>
 
</tr>
 
 
 
<tr class="s1">
 
<td class="sc">12</td>
 
<td class="sc">
 
*Automation of queries
 
*Integration of data
 
*Principles of Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
 
**Plotting
 
**"Features"
 
**Clustering
 
</td>
 
<td class="sc">TBD</td>
 
</tr>
 
</table>
 
  
 
{{Vspace}}
 
{{Vspace}}
  
<!--
 
===Older lecture notes===
 
  
 +
== Resources ==
 +
;Course framework
 +
* [http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-units_map.svg '''Learning Units Map''']
 +
* [[ABC-Rubrics|'''Marking rubrics''']]
 +
* [[FND-prerequisites|'''Notes on prerequisites''']]
  
-->
 
 
== Resources ==
 
 
;Course related
 
;Course related
*The [http://groups.google.com/group/bch441_2016 2016 Course Google Group].
+
*The [https://q.utoronto.ca/courses/180416 '''Quercus course page''']
*The [http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/students Student Wiki].
+
*The [http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/students '''Student Wiki''']
*[[Netiquette]] for the Group mailing list
+
*[http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice '''Writing advice'''] from the UofT Writing Centre <small>(including: how to avoid plagiarism)</small>
*<small>Previous [[BCH441_Final_Exam|Final Exams]] (maybe less relevant since the format has changed in 2013)</small>
 
*[http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice Writing advice] from the UofT Writing Centre <small>(including: how to avoid plagiarism)</small>
 
<!--*[[BIO course feedback]]-->
 
 
 
 
 
&nbsp;<br>
 
;Contents related
 
*The [[UCSF Chimera]] tutorial
 
*The [[Stereo Vision]] tutorial
 
<!-- *The [[Aminoacid tutorial]]
 
*The [[Database Identifiers]] tutorial -->
 
*The [[R tutorial|Introduction to '''R''']] tutorial
 
 
 
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143764/ The '''NCBI Handbook''']
 
*[http://metadatabase.org/ MetaDatabase]
 
*[http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/D1.toc NAR January-2016 '''Database''' issue]
 
*[http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/W1.toc NAR July-2016 '''Web server''' issue]
 
&nbsp;<br>
 
  
 
{{Vspace}}
 
{{Vspace}}
 
;Forums
 
<div class="reference-box">'''[http://biostar.stackexchange.com BioStar]''': General bioinformatics, computational-, and systems biology questions <small>(timesink warning!)</small></div>
 
<div class="reference-box">'''[https://www.reddit.com/r/bioinformatics/ Reddit]''': the bioinformatics "subreddit" <small>(timesink warning!)</small></div>
 
<div class="reference-box">'''[https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help R-help]''': The R programming language</div>
 
<div class="reference-box">'''[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r Stack Overflow]''': R-related questions</div>
 
<div class="reference-box">'''[https://www.bioconductor.org/help/support/ BioConductor Support]''': for all questions about the BioConductor Project</div>
 
<div class="reference-box">'''[http://stats.stackexchange.com/ Cross Validated]''': statistics related questions on ''Stack-exchange''</div>
 
 
 
 
  
 
===Notes===
 
===Notes===
 
<references />
 
<references />
  
 +
[[Category:Bioinformatics]]
  
 
 
&nbsp;<br>
 
 
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[[Category:Bioinformatics]]
 
</div>
 

Latest revision as of 03:31, 19 September 2022


The link that brought you here is no longer current:

  • for CSB195 click here.
  • for MGY441 click here.