Difference between revisions of "Bioinformatics Main Page"

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BCH441 - Bioinformatics
 
BCH441 - Bioinformatics
  
 
<div style="font-size:50%;font-weight:normal;">
 
<div style="font-size:50%;font-weight:normal;">
−
Welcome to the BCH441 Course Wiki.
+
Welcome to BCH441.
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
</div -->
 +
 +
<!-- small>'''These wiki pages provide information and materials, and coordinate activities and projects in the introductory bioinformatics courses and other workshops taught by Boris Steipe at the University of Toronto'''. If you are not one of my students, you can still browse this site, however I can't provide support for your explorations. The material may be useful if you invest some effort in studying it systematically.</small -->
 +
 +
<div class="alert">
 +
The link that brought you here is no longer current:
 +
 +
*  for CSB195 click [http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/bio/CSB195-syllabus.html '''here'''].
 +
*  for MGY441 click [http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/bio/MGY441-syllabus.html '''here'''].
 +
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
<small>'''These wiki pages are provided to coordinate information, activities and projects in the introductory bioinformatics course taught by Boris Steipe at the University of Toronto'''. If you are not one of my students, you can still browse this site, however only users with a login account can edit or contribute or edit material. If you are here because you are interested in general aspects of bioinformatics or computational biology, you may want to review the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics Wikipedia article on bioinformatics], or visit [http://www.openwetware.org/wiki/Wikiomics Wikiomics]. Contact boris.steipe(at)utoronto.ca with any questions you may have.</small>
+
<!--
 +
<small>Remember to frequently "pull" from the GitHub repository when you work with the course R-project in RStudio, to load the most recent version of the code, including all patches and additional clarifications</small>
 +
 
 +
Welcome!
 +
 
 +
The course has started. All students have been subscribed to the mailing list and have an account on the Student Wiki. If you did not receive an eMail with your temporary password, check your spam folder(s) carefully before contacting me.
 +
 
 +
If you have taken BCH441 last year and then dropped it, your Wiki account is still active and your password has not changed. In that case you did '''not''' receive a mail with new password.
 +
 
 +
(17:00, BA1190) -->
  
 +
<!--
  
−
<div class="alert">
 
−
[[BIO_Assignment_Week_10|Assignment&nbsp;10]] has been posted.<br />
 
−
Quiz on the assignment: Wednesday, November 21. in the tutorial session.
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
{{Smallvspace}}
 +
Updates to syllabus, marking scheme, and course materials are now in progress. Last year was the first online-only delivery of the course and it actually went really well. But this year will be even better as we'll try a few things that work much better online than in the classroom. Drop me a line if you have any questions, or concerns, or want to share experiences with online classes that went beyond your expectations.
  
 +
See you in class!
 +
{{Vspace}}
  
 +
 +
-->
 +
 +
<!-- div class="ToDo">
 +
* <strike>upgrade MediaWiki to the newest version for the Course Wiki and the Student wiki</strike>
 +
* <strike>re-code the API mechanism for uploads</strike>
 +
* Configure [https://q.utoronto.ca/courses/180416 Quercus course page:]
 +
** <strike>Add a discussion section</strike>
 +
** Figure out Bb Collaborate principles
 +
*** What is the "Course Room" best used for?
 +
*** What are the "Sessions" best used for?
 +
*** <strike>Can we make lecture recordings? Where can we store them? How can they be accessed?</strike>
 +
* <strike>Is there a mailing list?</strike> <small>Doesn't look like it, use the Discussion module instead.</small>
 +
* Decide on evaluations and marking scheme
 +
* <strike>Explore bulk student registration for the Student Wiki</strike>
 +
* Update Student Wiki resources
 +
* Decide on scheduling
 +
** Schedule oral tests
 +
* Update Syllabus page
 +
* Update course materials
 +
** Begin conversion to <code>.Rmd</code>
 +
</div -->
 +
 +
<!--  BLANK EVERYTHING !
 
__TOC__
 
__TOC__
  
  
 
== The Course ==
 
== The Course ==
−
BCH441H1F is the undergraduate course code.<br>
 
−
BCH1441H1F is the cross-listed course code for graduate students.
 
  
 +
{{Smallvspace}}
 +
 +
BCH441 is an introduction to current bioinformatics for life science students and the specialists in the BCB Program. The course provides an overview of the sources of biomolecular data, data annotation and integration, and the interpretation of results through evidence-based reasoning. This includes the ''components'' – sequence, structure, and function, the ''relationships'' in phylogeny and in the networks of interactions and regulation, and the “systems” through which we conceptually organize our knowledge.
 +
  
−
===Organization===
+
Specific contents include:
−
;Dates
+
* large, public biomolecular data resources,
 +
* DNA and protein sequences and sequence analysis,
 +
* pairwise and multiple sequence alignment,
 +
* fast database searches to discover homologues,
 +
* protein structure interpretation and homology modeling,
 +
* phylogenetic analysis - tree building and interpretation,
 +
* work with genome-scale data,
 +
* functional annotation with Gene Ontology and other resources,
 +
* relationships discovered through co-expression and protein-protein interactions, and
 +
* introduction to systems-level concepts.
  
−
:BCH441 is a Fall Term course.
+
The emphasis is on practical, hands-on exploration of resources in tasks and assignments. You will improve your general computer literacy and you will learn to use the programming language and statistical workbench '''R'''. Writing your own code has become indispensable in any life-science laboratory. (Yes, you will learn to program.)
−
:Lectures: Tuesday, 16:00 to 17:00 and Wednesday, 15:00 to 16:00
 
−
:Tutorial sessions: Wednesday, 14:00 to 15:00  for in-class quizzes, quiz debriefings, exam preparation and other activities, as the need arises.  
 
  
−
;Location
 
−
:MSB 2173 (Medical Sciences Building)
 
  
−
;General
+
{{#lst:User:Boris|Instructor}}
−
See the [http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/index.html Course Web page] for general information.
 
  
−
We are recommending [http://www.garlandscience.com/textbooks/0815340249.asp '''Understanding Bioinformatics'''], Zvelebil & Baum, Garland 2008 as a background textbook for the course. (<small>buy used at [http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?isbn=9780815340249 AbeBooks]</small>)
+
===Dates===
 +
 
 +
{{Smallvspace}}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
For generic dates in the Fall term, see the [https://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/dates-deadlines/academic-dates Faculty "Academic Dates" calendar]. For specific due dates, see the [https://q.utoronto.ca/courses/180416/assignments Assignments page on Quercus].
 +
 
 +
==Contents==
 +
 
 +
{{Smallvspace}}
 +
 
 +
This course will be taught in a new format: I have split up the large domain of Bioinformatics into small "learning units" that focus more or less on a single concept. You work through the units independently, in any order that makes sense to you, at your own pace, all with the goal to acquire the knowledge and skills to work on four main "Integrator Units" that bring the contents together.
 +
 
 +
Through this, the course accommodates different levels of preparation more flexibly, probably makes your work more efficient, and implicitly teaches a number of meta-skills such as reporting and time-management. Be mindful though: this format requires a high level of self-motivation and responsibility to do well. You will frequently be on your own - just like you are in "real life". But since you are the best judge of what is easy or hard for you, you can use your time very efficiently, gloss over familiar things and play and explore with contents that you enjoy.
 +
 
 +
{{Vspace}}
  
−
This is an '''electronic submission only''' course; but if you must print material, you might consider printing double-sided. Learn how, at the [http://printdoublesided.sa.utoronto.ca/ Print-Double-Sided Student Initiative].
 
  
 
===Grading and Activities===
 
===Grading and Activities===
  
−
&nbsp;
+
{{Vspace}}
 +
 
 +
This course comprises three key, integrative activities and preparatory "learning units" that lead up to them. Learning units can be completed in any sequence that makes sense to you, at any time until the deadline to submit material. You can find the detailed due dates on [https://q.utoronto.ca/courses/180416 ''Quercus'']. Note that scheduling your oral test needs to be done in advance.
  
−
<table>
+
There are also a few restrictions on which units you must complete within this course:
 +
 
 +
* you must complete three of four <span style="background-color: #e19fa7; border:solid 2px #000000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Integrator Units&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> and submit them for marking. These will be worth maximally 50 marks ((2 x 13) + (1 x 24)); 24 marks are available for the unit that you choose for your oral test;
 +
 
 +
* you can submit up to four other <span style="background-color: #b3dbce; border:solid 2px #000000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;learning units&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> worth up to an additional 20 marks for marking. These units are worth 5 marks each. There are a number of units available, which ones you choose is up to you.
 +
 
 +
* 25% of your mark will be earned with your [[FND-Journal|'''Course Journal''']] at the end of class.
 +
 
 +
* 5% of your mark will be earned with your [[ABC-Insights|'''insights!''' page]] at the end of class.
 +
 
 +
Please carefully read the [[ABC-Rubrics|'''evaluation rubrics''']] for each category of deliverables.
 +
 
 +
{{Vspace}}
 +
 
 +
<table cellpadding="5">
  
 
<tr class="sh">
 
<tr class="sh">
 
<td><b>Activity</b></td>
 
<td><b>Activity</b></td>
−
<td><b>Weight</b><br><small>BCH441 - (Undergraduates)</small></td>
+
<td><b>Weight</b></td>
−
<td><b>Weight</b><br><small>BCH1441 - (Graduates)</small></td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
−
<tr><td colspan="3" class="sp"></td></tr>
+
<tr><td colspan="2" class="sp"></td></tr>
  
 
<tr class="s2">
 
<tr class="s2">
−
<td>[[BIO_Quizzes|'''12 In-class quizzes''']]</td>
+
<td>Three Integrator Units</td>
−
<td>42 marks <small>(12 x 3.5)</small></td>
+
<td>50 marks (2*13 + 1*24)</td>
−
<td>24 marks <small>(12 x 2)</small></td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr class="s1">
 
<tr class="s1">
−
<td>[[BIO_Open project|'''Open project''']]</td>
+
<td>Four other learning units</td>
−
<td>28 marks <small>(7 + 7 + 14)</small></td>
+
<td>20 marks (4*5)</td>
−
<td>28 marks</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr class="s2">
 
<tr class="s2">
−
<td>[[BIO_Participation|'''"Classroom" participation''']]</td>
+
<td>Course Journals</td>
−
<td>10 marks</td>
+
<td>25 marks</td>
−
<td>10 marks</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
 
<tr class="s1">
 
<tr class="s1">
−
<td>[[BIO_Thesis_Project|'''Thesis Project''']]</td>
+
<td>insights! page</td>
−
<td>&nbsp;</td>
+
<td>5 marks</td>
−
<td>18 marks</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
 +
 +
<tr><td colspan="2" class="sp"></td></tr>
  
 
<tr class="s2">
 
<tr class="s2">
−
<td>Final exam</td>
 
−
<td>20 marks</td>
 
−
<td>20 marks</td>
 
−
</tr>
 
−
 
−
<tr><td colspan="3" class="sp"></td></tr>
 
−
 
−
<tr class="s1">
 
 
<td>'''Total'''</td>
 
<td>'''Total'''</td>
−
<td>100 marks</td>
 
 
<td>100 marks</td>
 
<td>100 marks</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
Line 97: Line 166:
  
  
 +
;A mix of evaluation methods
 +
:'''Learning units''' will be evaluated with a mix of approaches including technical reports, documentation of results in your journal, delivery of R code, ... Details will be described in the individual units. You will be required to submit evaluations in different categories.
  
−
;A note on marking
+
{{Vspace}}
−
It is not my policy to adjust marks towards a target mean and variance (i.e. there will be no "belling" of grades). I feel strongly that such "normalization" detracts from a collaborative and mutually supportive learning environment. If your classmate gets a great mark because you helped him with a difficult concept, this should never have the effect that it brings down your mark through class average adjustments. Collaborate as much as possible, it is a great way to learn. <small>However I may adjust marks is if we phrase questions ambiguously on quizzes or if I decide that the final exam was too long.</small>
 
  
−
&nbsp;
+
:'''Integrator units''' will be evaluated with a mix of approaches including technical reports, delivery of R code, and oral tests. Technical reports, R code and other options will be worth 10 marks each, the oral test will be worth 20 marks. You can submit at most one of each evaluation category (and one of your evaluations must be an oral test). Also, your oral test can not be your first evaluation, and the topics will be cumulative. Details will be described in the individual units.
  
−
== Timetable and syllabus ==
+
::'''Oral tests for Integrator Units''' will be scheduled from mid-November to early December in the afternoon. Details can be found on the sign-up page  that is linked from the resp. integrator units.
  
−
&nbsp;
 
−
<small>The lecture recordings linked below are copyrighted material, for the personal use of participants of the course only. It is not permissible to repost them elsewhere. If in doubt, ask me.</small>
 
  
−
===I n t r o d u c t i o n===
+
<small>
 +
I do not adjust marks towards a target mean and variance (i.e. there will be no "belling" of grades), but I follow the principles laid out in the marking rubrics. "Normalization" of grade interferes with a collaborative and mutually supportive learning environment. If your classmate gets a great mark because you helped him with a difficult concept, this should never bring down your own mark. Collaborate as much as possible, it is a great way to learn.
  
−
&nbsp;
+
But take *utmost* care to follow the instructions on avoiding [[ABC-Plagiarism|'''plagiarism and academic misconduct''']] to the letter, they will be rigorously enforced.</small>
 +
 
 +
{{Vspace}}
 +
 
 +
=== The learning-units map ===
 +
 
 +
Here is a '''thematic overview''' of the topical areas of this course's learning units:
 +
 
 +
[[File:ABC-Units_landscape.svg|thumb|500px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/images/b/b0/ABC-Units_landscape.svg|'''The bioinformatics learning unit landscape.''']]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
And here is the '''detailed map'''. It contains links to all of the units.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
* <command>-Click to open the Learning Units Map in a new tab, scale for detail.
 +
[[File:ABC-units_map.svg|thumb|500px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/images/a/ae/ABC-units_map.svg|'''A clickable map of the bioinformatics learning units.''']]
  
−
<table width="90%" align="center">
 
−
<tr class="sh">
 
−
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="10%">'''Date'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="65%">'''Topics'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="15%">'''Activities'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="15%">'''Assignment'''</td>
 
−
</tr>
 
  
−
<tr class="s1">
+
* Hover over a learning unit to see its keywords.
−
<td class="sc">1</td>
+
* Click on a learning unit to open the associated page.
−
<td class="sc">Sept. 10 - 16</td>
+
* The nodes of the learning unit network are colour-coded:
−
<td class="sc">
+
**<span style="background-color: #b3dbce;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Live&nbsp;units&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> are green
−
<div class="table-intro-text">Bioinformatics focusses on the data and methods, and Computational Biology defines the objectives, to bring our understanding of  Biology to a rigorous, principled, quantitative and predictive level. Over the last two decades, ever since bioinformatics began to take centre stage in the life sciences, the rate of change in the discipline has continuously accelerated. In part, driven by the growth of the Internet, in part through novel algorithms, but to the largest part driven through a very large increase in the volume and quality of data, opportunities for computational analysis in the life science lab have grown in leaps and bounds. One of the associated challenges is to keep abreast of  the rapidly changing methods and tools that are available. This course focuses on the basic principles and concepts of the field and emphasis techniques and skills that are easily accessible and freely available to every life science researcher.</div>
+
**<span style="background-color: #d9ead5;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Units&nbsp;under&nbsp;development&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> are light green. These are still in progress.
 +
**<span style="background-color: #f2fafa;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Stubs&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> (placeholders) are pale. These still need basic contents.
 +
**<span style="background-color: #97bed5;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Milestone&nbsp;units&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> are blue. These collect a number of prerequisites to simplify the network.
 +
**<span style="background-color: #e19fa7;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Integrator&nbsp;units&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> are red. These embody the main goals of the course.
 +
**<span style="background-color: #f4d7b7;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Units&nbsp;that&nbsp;require&nbsp;revision&nbsp;</span> are pale orange.
 +
*Units that have a <span style="background-color: #eeeeee; border:solid 2px #000000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;black border&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> have deliverables that can be submitted for credit. Choose any you want to submit for credit, up to a maximum worth of 30 marks.
 +
*Arrows point from a prerequisite unit to a unit that requires it.
  
−
* Course Organisation
+
(Unit status will be updated as in-progress units are completed.)
−
* Current bioinformatics
 
−
* Databases
 
−
* Services
 
−
* Tools
 
  
−
--
 
  
−
{{PDFlink|[[Media:01-2012_Introduction.pdf‎|Lecture slides 2012: 01 - Introduction]]}}<br />
+
{{Vspace}}
−
[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/01-Introduction_2012.mp4 Lecture recordings 2012: 01 - Introduction <small>(mp4, 14.3 MB)</small>]
 
  
−
</td>
+
====Navigating the course====
−
<td class="sc">&mdash;</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_1|Assignment&nbsp;1]]</td>
 
−
</tr>
 
−
</table>
 
  
−
&nbsp;
+
Everything starts with the following three units:
 +
*[[FND-Wiki_editing|Introduction to editing Wiki pages]]
 +
:{{#lst:FND-Wiki_editing|abstract}}
  
−
=== D a t a &nbsp;a n d &nbsp;D a t a &nbsp;A n a l y s i s ===
+
*[[FND-Journal|Your Course Journal]]
 +
:{{#lst:FND-Journal|abstract}}
  
−
&nbsp;
+
*[[ABC-Insights|The "insights!" page]]
 +
:{{#lst:ABC-Insights|abstract}}
  
−
<table width="90%" align="center">
 
−
<tr class="sh">
 
−
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="10%">'''Date'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="65%">'''Topics'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="15%">'''Activities'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="15%">'''Assignment'''</td>
 
−
</tr>
 
  
−
<tr class="s1">
+
Everything leads to the ''Integrator Units''. These cover four large areas of bioinformatics that make up the explicit goals of the course:
−
<td class="sc">2</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">Sept. 17 - 23</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">
 
−
<div class="table-intro-text">In principle, most of the data of interest to us is freely available on the Web, in public repositories. However, the number of databases and associated Web services is large and in constant flux and integrating the data has its own issues. The most important issue is to be clear about the abstractions we use and how they relate back to the biology they describe.</div>
 
−
* Sequences
 
−
* Structures
 
  
−
--
+
(i) algorithms and statistics;<br />
 +
(ii) structural modelling and interpretation;<br />
 +
iii) gene annotation; and;<br />
 +
(iv) phylogenetic analysis.
  
−
[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/02-Sequences-2012.mp4 Lecture recordings 2012: 02 - Sequences <small>(mp4, 23.0 MB)</small>]<br />
+
The knowledge and skills you need to work on these ''Integrator Units'' can be obtained from the other learning units that are shown on the [http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-units_map.svg learning units map] as prerequisites. Note that "prerequisites" in this context does not mean you '''must''' do one thing before you can do another, the arrows simply point out which units assume what prior knowledge. You can acquire that knowledge in whatever sequence makes sense to '''you''', and you don't have to learn from the learning units of this course at all. Just make sure that you submit enough general learning units for evaluation along the way. And document what you are doing in your Course Journal. Also, remember that '''all''' the material is cumulative - my evaluation of your work implicitly includes all of the prerequisite material.
−
[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/03-Structures-2012.mp4 Lecture recordings 2012: 03 - Structure data <small>(mp4, 18.1 MB)</small>]
 
  
−
</td>
+
{{Vspace}}
−
<td class="sc">Quiz 1</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_2|Assignment&nbsp;2]]</td>
 
−
</tr>
 
  
−
<tr class="s2">
+
=====Scenarios=====
−
<td class="sc">3</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">Sept. 24 - 30</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">
 
−
<div class="table-intro-text">...</div>
 
−
* Sequence analysis
 
−
* Machine learning
 
  
−
--
+
Where to begin: possible scenarios for working though the units...
  
−
[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/04-SequenceAnalysis_I-2012.mp4 Lecture recordings 2012: 04 - Sequence Analysis I <small>(mp4, 12.8 MB)</small>]
+
<small>(These scenarios are for illustration, you don't have to follow these sequences. There is no implied claim that any of these sequences is better for learning the material than any other. Make your own choices!</small>
−
</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">Quiz 2, project concept due</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_3|Assignment&nbsp;3]]</td>
 
−
</tr>
 
  
−
<tr class="s1">
 
−
<td class="sc">4</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">Oct. 1 - 7</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">
 
−
<div class="table-intro-text"> ... </div>
 
−
* Protein structure interpretation
 
−
* Protein structure domains
 
  
−
--
+
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
 +
;Yvette might have done a project about protein structure in a previous course...
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
  
−
[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/06-StructureInterpretation-2012.mp4 Lecture recordings 2012: 06 - Interpreting Protein Structure <small>(mp4, 34.9 MB)</small>]<br />
+
<table>
−
[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/07-Domains-2012.mp4 Lecture recordings 2012: 07 - Protein Domains <small>(mp4, 9.7 MB)</small>]
+
<tr>
 +
<td>She decides to tackle the [[ABC-INT-Homology_modelling|Homology modelling Integrator Unit]] first, because she is most confident about that material.
 
</td>
 
</td>
−
<td class="sc">Quiz 3</td>
+
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-1.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-1.jpg]]</td>
−
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_4|Assignment&nbsp;4]]</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
−
</table>
 
  
−
&nbsp;
+
<tr>
 +
<td>:Obviously, all paths through the learning units begin with the units leading up to the [[ABC-BIN-Preparation|Course Preparation]] milestone, as well as the [[RPR-Introduction|Introduction to R]] milestone. This is where she starts.
 +
</td>
 +
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-2.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-2.jpg]]</td>
 +
</tr>
  
−
=== H o m o l o g y ===
+
<tr>
 +
<td>:The homology modelling unit requires the cluster of protein structure units (BIN-SX-...), as well as the sequence alignment units (BIN-ALI-...);
  
−
&nbsp;
+
:From the database units, she only needs [[BIN-PDB]] for now;
 +
</td>
 +
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-3.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-3.jpg]]</td>
 +
</tr>
  
−
<table width="90%" align="center">
+
<tr>
−
<tr class="sh">
+
<td>:For the sequence alignment cluster she needs [[BIN-Sequence]] and [[FND-Homology]] and both of these need [[BIN-Abstractions]].
−
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
+
</td>
−
<td class="sc" width="10%">'''Date'''</td>
+
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-4.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-4.jpg]]</td>
−
<td class="sc" width="65%">'''Topics'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="15%">'''Activities'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="15%">'''Assignment'''</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
−
<tr class="s1">
+
<tr>
−
<td class="sc">5</td>
+
<td>Next she goes for the [[ABC-INT-Phylogeny|Phylogenetic Analysis Integrator Unit]], since it requires only a small number of additional prerequisites and she's a bit busy at that time with midterms in other courses. Some introductory statistics ([[FND-STA-Probability]] and [[FND-STA-Bayes_theorem]] gets her on the way to the BIN-PHYLO-... cluster.
−
<td class="sc">Oct. 8 - 14</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">
 
−
<div class="table-intro-text"> ... </div>
 
−
* Homology principles
 
−
* Sequence alignment
 
 
</td>
 
</td>
−
<td class="sc">Quiz 4, project outline due</td>
+
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-5.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-5.jpg]]</td>
−
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_5|Assignment&nbsp;5]]</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
−
<tr class="s2">
+
<tr>
−
<td class="sc">6</td>
+
<td>She finds she enjoys working with R, and figuring out algorithms and workflows is like solving puzzles. So she does the [[ABC-INT-Mutation_impact|R programming Integrator Unit]] next, in which she writes code that estimates what mutations in a gene can tell us about that gene's role involvement in a disease phenotype. Adding a small number of software-development focussed units and a bit more statistics gets her on the way.
−
<td class="sc">Oct. 15 - 21</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">
 
−
<div class="table-intro-text"> ... </div>
 
−
* BLAST
 
−
* BIO Statistics
 
 
</td>
 
</td>
−
<td class="sc">Quiz 5</td>
+
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-6.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-6.jpg]]</td>
−
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_6|Assignment&nbsp;6]]</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
−
<tr class="s1">
+
<tr>
−
<td class="sc">7</td>
+
<td> She is done with her deliverables mid November. So she completes the [[ABC-INT-Genome_annotation|genome annotation Integrator Unit]] to learn on her own. She fill in the rest of the database units, the units on statistics and analysis of differential expression in genes, the units on networks and protein-protein interactions, and the concepts of protein functions, to complete the [[BIN-FUNC-Annotation]] milestone, ...
−
<td class="sc">Oct. 22 - 28</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">
 
−
<div class="table-intro-text"> ... </div>
 
−
* Multiple sequence alignment
 
−
* Information theory
 
 
</td>
 
</td>
−
<td class="sc">Quiz 6</td>
+
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-7.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-7.jpg]]</td>
−
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_7|Assignment&nbsp;7]]</td>
+
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>:... followed by the genomics units (BIN-Genome-...).</td>
 +
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-8.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-8.jpg]]</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
−
<tr class="s2">
+
<tr>
−
<td class="sc">8</td>
+
<td>And that's it. </td>
−
<td class="sc">Oct. 29 - Nov. 4</td>
+
<td>[[File:ABC-Scenario-1-Step-final.jpg|thumb|300px|none|link=http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-Scenario-1-Step-final.jpg]]</td>
−
<td class="sc">
 
−
<div class="table-intro-text"> ... </div>
 
−
* Homology modelling
 
−
* Molecular dynamics
 
−
* ''Ab initio'' structure prediction
 
−
</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">Quiz 7</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_8|Assignment&nbsp;8]]</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
 +
 
</table>
 
</table>
  
−
&nbsp;
 
  
−
===G e n o m e s===
+
</div>
 +
</div>
  
−
&nbsp;
+
{{Smallvspace}}
  
−
<table width="90%" align="center">
+
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
 +
;Nigel wants to sample different areas of the material broadly before he tackles any of the Integrator Units...
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
  
−
<tr class="sh">
 
−
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="10%">'''Date'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="65%">'''Topics'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="15%">'''Activities'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="15%">'''Assignment'''</td>
 
−
</tr>
 
−
<!-- ===================    /THEME  ===================  -->
 
  
−
<tr class="s1">
+
* Again: all paths through the learning units begin with the [[ABC-BIN-Preparation|Course Preparation]] milestone, and the [[RPR-Introduction|Introduction to R]] milestone. This is where he starts.
−
<td class="sc">9</td>
+
* He targets the [[FND-STA-Information_theory|information theory unit]] first, for which he prepares the [[FND-CSC-Data_models|data models unit]] and chooses a [[BIN-YFO|sample organism]], to proceed to the [[BIN-Abstractions|bioinformatics abstractions unit]] and the [[BIN-Sequence|macromolecular sequence unit]].
−
<td class="sc">Nov. 5 - 11</td>
+
* This makes him curious about the relationship between information theory and [[BIN-SX-Molecular_forcefields|molecular forcefields]] so he learns about [[BIN-Databases|database principles]] and [[BIN-SX-Concepts|3D structure concepts]] next, to tackle the [[BIN-PDB|PDB database unit]] and the [[BIN-SX-Chimera|tutorial on the 3D structure viewer "UCSF Chimera"]].
−
<td class="sc">
+
* Apparently another use of information theory is for quantifying the relatedness of functional annotations. Nigel completes the rest of the database cluster to proceed to learn about the [[BIN-FUNC-GO|Gene Ontology project]] to arrive at the [[BIN-FUNC-Semantic_similarity|"semantic similarity" unit]].
−
<div class="table-intro-text"> ... </div>
+
* It interests Nigel how such fields of mathematics can be employed to study biology:
−
* Genome sequencing
+
** next he works through the statistics cluster (FND-STA-...) to learn about the concepts behind discovering differentially expressed genes, culminating in the [[RPR-GEO2R|GEO2R programming exercise]]; ...
−
* SNPs and Human genomics
+
** ... and follows up with the [[BIN-PPI-Concepts|protein-protein interaction concepts]] via an [[FND-MAT-Graphs_and_networks|introduction to graph theory]].
−
</td>
+
* This suggests for him to complete the missing units from the functional annotation cluster (BIN-SEQA-... and BIN-FUNC-...) to complete the [[BIN-FUNC-Annotation]] milestone.
−
<td class="sc">Quiz 8</td>
+
* The greatest importance of functional annotation lies in annotating whole genomes. Nigel learns more about this next with the genomics cluster (BIN-Genome-...).
−
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_9|Assignment&nbsp;9]]</td>
+
* He finds it intriguing how so much knowledge of function does not actually rely on the detailed, structural analysis of mechanism. To understand this better, Nigel works through the remainder of the structure units (BIN-SX-...) (for which he incidentally needs the [[BIN-ALI-Alignment]] unit.)
−
</tr>
+
* Next, he realizes that much of what he has worked with so far has implicitly relied on sequence-alignment tools. So he completes the alignment cluster next (Bin-ALI-...).
 +
* And realizing that multiple sequence alignments ([[BIN-ALI-MSA]]) are fundamental to phylogenetic analysis leads him to tackle the phylogenetic analysis cluster next (BIN-PHYLO-...).
 +
* That's it for the learning units. Nigel then completes all Integrator Units one after another except for the Homology modelling one; he starts with the [[ABC-INT-Genome_annotation|genome annotation unit]] because that's the biggest one and he wants it safely submitted before the end-of-term rush in his other courses gets to him.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
</div>
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
{{Vspace}}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
====Timing and important dates====
 +
 
 +
Having students work through the material entirely at their own pace has had limited success. A minority did very well, but the majority found themselves quite stressed out towards the end of the term. Thus we will proceed with a structured sequence of due dates that spreads the deliverables evenly. However: a due date is the '''last''' date on which assignments are due, and you can submit your assignments much, much sooner and relax towards the end of the term.
 +
 
 +
You can work through the material at your own pace. Non-negotiable restrictions arise from the {{DropdateFall}}, and that everything needs to be done by the {{LastdateFall}}:
 +
 
 +
{{Vspace}}
  
−
<tr class="s2">
+
* Tuesday, September 29. 2020 - First of four learning units due. (Extended to 2020-10-06)
−
<td class="sc">10</td>
+
* Tuesday, October 6. 2020 - Second of four learning units due.
−
<td class="sc">Nov. 12 - 18</td>
+
* Tuesday, October 13. 2020 - Third of four learning units due.
−
<td class="sc">
+
* Tuesday, October 20. 2020 - Last of four learning units due.
−
<div class="table-intro-text"> ... </div>
+
* '''November 9-13 - Fall Reading Week'''
−
* '''Fall break - no class on Tuesday, Nov. 13'''
+
* Monday, November 9. 2020 - Drop Date, and first Integrator unit due.
−
* Genome annotation
+
* Monday, November 16 to Friday, November 27. 2020 - Oral Tests. Second Integrator Unit due on the day before the test.
−
</td>
+
* Tuesday, December 8. 2020 - All remaining submissions due
−
<td class="sc">Quiz 9, project final submission due</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">[[BIO_Assignment_Week_10|Assignment&nbsp;10]]</td>
 
−
</tr>
 
  
−
</table>
+
{{Vspace}}
  
−
&nbsp;
+
====Submission of items for marking====
  
−
===P h y l o g e n i e s===
+
Details are listed with each evaluation unit, but in principle you create a separate sub-page of your user page and post your material there. Then you submit a link to your page on Quercus and I can find the page and mark it.
  
−
&nbsp;
+
{{Vspace}}
  
−
<table width="90%" align="center">
+
====Class time====
−
<tr class="sh">
 
−
<td class="sc" width="5%">'''Week'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="10%">'''Date'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="65%">'''Topics'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="15%">'''Activities'''</td>
 
−
<td class="sc" width="15%">'''Assignment'''</td>
 
−
</tr>
 
−
<!-- ===================    /THEME  ===================  -->
 
  
−
<tr class="s1">
+
Since most of the learning units include hands-on, practical components that you do on your own, we won't need to us class-time for textbook-like delivery of contents. In class meetings ...
−
<td class="sc">11</td>
+
* ... we will always take time for open discussion of topics as they arise. This will be driven by student input and feedback.
−
<td class="sc">Nov. 19 - 25</td>
+
* ... I will go over some of the contents details.
−
<td class="sc">
+
* ... I may discuss marking of some submissions I have received, to make the process more transparent.
−
<div class="table-intro-text"> ... </div>
 
−
* Phylogenetic analysis principles
 
−
* Phylogenetic tree building
 
−
</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">Quiz 10</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">Assignment&nbsp;11</td>
 
−
</tr>
 
  
−
<tr class="s2">
+
Class sessions will be recorded and posted.
−
<td class="sc">12</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">Nov. 26 - Dec. 2</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">
 
−
<div class="table-intro-text"> ... </div>
 
−
* Inference from Phylogenies
 
−
* Functional annotation and Function prediction
 
−
</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">Quiz 11</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">Assignment&nbsp;12</td>
 
−
</tr>
 
  
−
<tr class="s1">
+
{{Vspace}}
−
<td class="sc">-</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">Dec. 4</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">
 
−
<div class="table-intro-text"> ... </div>
 
−
* Exam review
 
−
</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">Quiz 12</td>
 
−
<td class="sc">&nbsp;</td>
 
−
</tr>
 
  
−
</table>
+
==Organizational Details==
  
−
&nbsp;
+
{{Vspace}}
  
−
==Lecture slides 2012==
 
  
−
''None yet.''
+
{{#lst:User:Boris|Student_Wiki}}
 +
{{#lst:User:Boris|Mailing_list}}
 +
{{#lst:User:Boris|Office_hours}}
  
−
<!--
 
−
===Lecture slides 2011===
 
  
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/01-Introduction.pdf 01 - Introduction to the course <small>(pdf, 6.1 MB)</small>]
+
===Prerequisites===
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/02-SequenceData.pdf 02 - Sequence Data <small>(pdf, 4.6 MB)</small>]
+
Introductory courses to biochemistry and molecular biology provide the contents background to the course. Such might be obtained through the listed prerequiste courses: BCH210H1/BCH242Y1; BCH311H1/MGY311Y1/PSL350H1<ref>Please check the [https://fas.calendar.utoronto.ca/course/bch441h1 '''official Calendar'''] for the academic year to confirm the "official" prerequisites.</ref>. However I have no way to assess your success in these courses, nor do I know what material actually '''was''' covered. Thus, I generally waive prerequisites. In all cases it is your responsibility to be sufficiently prepared and to make up for material that you have not covered previously.
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/03-StructureData.pdf  03 - Structure Data <small>(pdf, 13.6 MB)</small>]
 
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/04-SequenceAnalysis_I.pdf  04 - Sequence Analysis I <small>(pdf, 8.6 MB)</small>]
 
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/05-SequenceAnalysis_II.pdf  05 - Sequence Analysis II <small>(pdf, 3.1 MB)</small>]
 
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/06-InterpretingProteinStructure.pdf 06 - Interpreting Protein Structure <small>(pdf, 6.6 MB)</small>]
 
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/07-StructuralDomains.pdf 07 - Structural Domains <small>(pdf, 5.8 MB)</small>]
 
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/08-Genome_Sequencing_2011.pdf 08 - Genome Sequencing <small>(pdf, 1.4 MB)</small>]
 
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/09-GenomeAnnotation_2011.pdf 09 - Genome Annotation <small>(pdf, 4.2 MB)</small>]
 
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/10-Homology_I_Principles.pdf 10 - Homology I: Principles <small>(pdf, 2.6 MB)</small>]
 
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/11-Homology_II_Alignment.pdf 11 - Homology II: Optimal Sequence Alignment <small>(pdf, 2.6 MB)</small>]
 
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/12-Homology_III_BLAST.pdf 12 - Homology III: BLAST <small>(pdf, 2.6 MB)</small>]
 
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/13-Homology_IV_MSA.pdf 13 - Homology IV: Multiple Sequence Alignment <small>(pdf, 4.3 MB)</small>]
 
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/14-PredictingProteinStructure_I.pdf 14 - Predicting Protein Structure I: Homology Modeling <small>(pdf, 2.3 MB)</small>]
 
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/15-PhylogeneticAnalysis_I.pdf 15 - Phylogenetic Analysis I <small>(pdf, 3.3 MB)</small>]
 
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/16-PhylogeneticAnalysis_II.pdf 16 - Phylogenetic Analysis II <small>(pdf, 1.0 MB)</small>]
 
−
* 17 - ''Comparative Genomics ''
 
−
* 18 - ''Computational Systems Biology ''
 
−
*[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/19-StatisticsAndExploratoryDataAnalysis.pdf 19 - Statistics and Exploratory Data Analysis <small>(pdf, 3.4 MB)</small>]
 
−
* [http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/20-PredictingProteinStructure_II.pdf 20 - Structure Prediction II: ''ab initio'' Prediction  <small>(pdf, 10.0 MB)</small>]
 
−
* [http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/resources/22-Outlook-ComputationalSystemsBiology.pdf 22 - Outlook: Computational Systems Biology <small>(pdf, 2.4 MB)</small>]
 
  
 +
A breakdown of knowledge that I expect you to acquire outside our course, or bring with you from previous courses, is [[FND-prerequisites|'''listed here''']].
  
−
A selection of [[Bioinformatics lecture recordings 2011|Lecture recordings of the 2011 course]] is available.
+
{{Vspace}}
  
−
-->
+
===Extensions for term work===
 +
{{Smallvspace}}
 +
Extensions for term work in this course are subject to Faculty regulations and will only be considered within the framework determined by the Faculty policies.
  
 +
* '''Submissions due before the {{DropdateFall}}.'''
 +
::No extensions will be considered for these submissions<ref>Since these requirements are so minimal, exceptions due to personal, medical, or accessibility reasons would require you to demonstrate (and document) that you have not been able to pursue academic work for that amount of time that you would normally have needed to fulfil the requirements. Given the volume of material, I would consider this time to be at least four weeks.</ref>. Such an extension would not be "fair, equitable and reasonable"<ref>It is Faculty policy to require assessments to be "fair, equitable and reasonable".</ref>, i.e. granting this to individual students would violate the requirement to give all students equal opportunity to succeed in the course. In fact, if you find yourself so far behind in the course that you are unable to submit meaningful work for assessment by that date, I highly recommend you to drop the course.
  
−
<!--
+
* '''Signing up for the oral tests.'''
−
=== Add this material ===
+
::The dates for the oral tests are in two weeks '''after''' the Drop Date. If you fail to connect to the Zoom meeting at the scheduled time, this is equivalent to a missed midterm exam in terms of applicable Faculty policy: "if the reasons for missing your test are ''acceptable'' to the instructor, a make-up opportunity should be offered to the student where ''practicable''. '''"Acceptable"''' reasons will be considered if they are justified, if the consideration is "fair, equitable and reasonable", and if the reason is documented through one of the four types of "official" documentation: UofT Verification of Illness or Injury Form, Student Health or Disability Related Certificate, a College Registrar’s Letter, and an Accessibility Services Letter. Scope for a '''"practicable"''' make-up opportunity for the oral test will be extremely limited however.
−
* Quantitative evolution: signals of recent change and selective pressure
 
  
−
-->
+
* '''Submissions due on the {{LastdateFall}}.'''
 +
::Since the course does not have a final exam, the Faculty requires grades to be marked, collated and submitted a few days after the {{LastdateFall}}. Therefore I cannot normally grant extensions beyond this date. The Faculty allows so called ''informal extensions'' to be granted "in extraordinary circumstances"; in those cases too, the requirement to be "fair, equitable and reasonable" will apply, i.e. you would need to demonstrate that the need for the extension was due to unavoidable circumstances that go significantly beyond what was expected of the rest of the class, and submit "official" documentation to me. In that case, (i) we would determine an adjusted submission date, (ii) I will initially submit a mark of 0 for the missing submissions, and (iii) I will submit an amended mark, after that date, if appropriate. Note that the Faculty requires that such extensions don't go beyond a few days after the end of the Final Examination Period. If you require an extension beyond that date you need to submit a ''formal petition'' through your College Registrar.
  
−
<!-- * [[Database Identifiers]] -->
 
  
−
<!--
+
{{Vspace}}
  
−
&nbsp;
+
===Exclusions & Enrolment controls===
 +
:none
  
−
== Resources ==
+
{{Vspace}}
−
;Course related
 
−
*The [http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduates/courses/BCH441H/ Course Web site].
 
−
*The [http://groups.google.com/group/bch441_2012 Course Google Group].
 
−
*[[Netiquette]] for the Group mailing list
 
−
*Previous [[Exam_questions]]
 
−
*[[Feedback_2007|2007 course feedback]]
 
−
*[[Feedback_2008|2008 course feedback]]
 
  
 +
===Printed material===
 +
This is an '''electronic submission only''' course; but if you must print material, you might consider printing double-sided. Learn how, at the [http://printdoublesided.sa.utoronto.ca/ Print-Double-Sided Student Initiative]. Printing of course material is expressly discouraged since the material is updated frequently.
  
−
&nbsp;<br>
+
{{Vspace}}
−
;Contents related
 
−
*The '''[[VMD]]''' tutorial
 
−
*A '''[[Stereo Vision]]''' tutorial
 
−
*[http://biodatabase.org/index.php/Main_Page MetaDatabase]
 
−
*[http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol36/suppl_1/index.dtl NAR January-2008 '''Database''' issue]
 
−
*[http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol36/suppl_2/index.dtl NAR July-2008 '''Web server''' issue]
 
−
&nbsp;<br>
 
  
  
 +
== Resources ==
 +
;Course framework
 +
* [http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/assets/ABC-units_map.svg '''Learning Units Map''']
 +
* [[ABC-Rubrics|'''Marking rubrics''']]
 +
* [[FND-prerequisites|'''Notes on prerequisites''']]
  
 +
;Course related
 +
*The [https://q.utoronto.ca/courses/180416 '''Quercus course page''']
 +
*The [http://steipe.biochemistry.utoronto.ca/abc/students '''Student Wiki''']
 +
*[http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice '''Writing advice'''] from the UofT Writing Centre <small>(including: how to avoid plagiarism)</small>
  
−
&nbsp;<br>
+
{{Vspace}}
  
−
<table width="100%" padding="10" border="1">
+
===Notes===
−
<tr>
+
<references />
−
<td style="background-color: #324578; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 75%;">324578</span></td>
 
−
<td style="background-color: #7080B8; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 75%;">7080B8</span></td>
 
−
<td style="background-color: #9B9BCF; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 75%;">9B9BCF</span></td>
 
−
<td style="background-color: #B5A5CC; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 75%;">B5A5CC</span></td>
 
−
<td style="background-color: #E7C0F0; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 75%;">E7C0F0</span></td>
 
−
</tr>
 
−
</table>
 
−
-->
 
  
 
[[Category:Bioinformatics]]
 
[[Category:Bioinformatics]]
−
</div>
+
 
 +
-->

Latest revision as of 03:31, 19 September 2022


The link that brought you here is no longer current:

  • for CSB195 click here.
  • for MGY441 click here.



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